The Future Tense With Will and Going to

The future in English can be rather confusing. There are two future forms used in most conversations: the future with will and the future with going to. The main difference between the two forms is that going to is used for plans and intentions made before the moment of speaking, and the will to speak about the future at the moment of speaking. Study these basic forms and then use the referenced resources to practice these forms. Teachers can print out these materials for use in-class, or find help with how to teach future forms, as well as the lesson plans suggested below. The Future With Will There are two basic future tenses used to describe things that happen in the future. Besides these two there are some other future tenses which can be started on the advanced future tenses page. The first future tense is the future with will. Use the future with will to talk about an event in the future that you have just decided to do, for predictions and for promises. Examples: I think Ill go to that party next week.The economy will get better soon.Yes, I will marry you. Future With Will Structure: Positive:  Subject will verb (I, You, He, She, We, They) will come to the party. Negative:  Subject will not (wont) verb (I, You, He, She, We, They) wont have time tomorrow. Questions:  Question word will subject verb What will (he, she, you, we) they do? The Future With Going To The future with going to is used to express events you have already planned in the future and your intentions for the future. We sometimes also use the present continuous for planned events in the near future. Examples: Shes going to attend university and study to become a doctor.Were going to make the presentation next week. Future With Going to Structure: Positive:  Subject to be going to verb I am going to attend the meeting.(He, She) is going to attend the meeting.(You, We, They) are going to attend the meeting. Negative:  Subject to be not going to verb Im not going to visit Rome next year.(He, She) isnt going to visit Rome next year.(You, We, They) arent going to visit Rome next year. Questions:  Ã‚  (Question word) to be subject going to verb Where am I going to stay?Where is (she, he) going to stay?Where are (you, we, they) going to stay? Additional Future Tense Resources Here is an in depth guide to  both the future with will and with going to.Take the  Future Forms Quiz for Advanced LearnersResource for ESL Teachers. This intermediate lesson focuses solely on the future with will and going to and  includes a step by step guide through the lesson and handouts to use in class. Activities With the Future With Will and Going to Some activities that will help you practice: Planning a Party - Dialogue concentrating on the future with will and going to.The Meeting - Dialogue with schedules, future plansThe Oregon Weather Forecast - Dialogue with the use of the future with will for predictions, weather vocabularyEnglish Tenses Timeline Chart - study how the future forms with will and going to relate to other tenses on a timeline.

A Survivor Feeling Guilty of His Survival Essay - 1608 Words

In the aftermath of a horrific experience, it is not uncommon for a survivor to feel guilty about their survival. The most difficult thing for survivors can be finding the ability to move beyond what has happened and look toward the future. An individual is often shaped by their past experiences. If ensuing guilt is not dealt with, however, the past can hinder the ability to achieve in the present. In Art Spielgelman’s MAUS II, Vladek and Art struggle to live in the present and are laden with guilt from their pasts. When not properly dealt with, guilt can become an overpowering emotion, governing decisions and depleting self motivation. To move successfully past debilitating guilt one often must learn to be accepting of the past and†¦show more content†¦Although Art can’t feel exactly the same guilt his father felt, Art still feels guilt for not having suffered as his parents did. Art never had to live through what his parents did; therefore he does not know what the Holocuast was like. Sitting at his desk, Art proclaims â€Å"At least fifteen foreign editions are coming out. I’ve gotten 4 serious offers to turn my book into a T.V. special or movie. In May 1968 my mother killed herself. (She left no note)† (5, p 41). The disjointed nature of Art’s statement portrays his guilt in the sense that no matter what he accomplishes, his life will be insignificant in comparison to his parents’. Because he cannot accept that he will never experience what his parents have, Art has difficulty ever feeling accomplished and instead just feels more guilt. Both Vladek and Art struggle to let go of their pasts as they both find themselves consumed with what has happened rather than what is yet to come. When one cannot deal with guilt within oneself, the feeling of guilt can be transferred to affect another. Art struggles throughout his life to understand why he never had a great relationship with his father. Aft er trying to write with no luck, Art heads to his regular appointment with Pavel, another Holocaust survivor. Pavel suggests that maybe â€Å"(Vladek) took his guilt out on YOU, where it was safe†¦ on the REAL survivor.† (7, p 44) Vladek felt guilty about surviving the Holocaust, but instead of accepting it,Show MoreRelatedMaus Themes790 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination; Abuse of Power; Loss of Innocence, Guilt, Survival. The graphic novel Maus by Art Spiegelman conveys many varied and powerful themes to the reader. Spiegelman has conveyed the themes Guilt and Survival by using various methods including narration, dialogue and several comic book techniques to show the expressions and feelings of the central characters. Guilt is an especially strong theme in Maus, appearing many times with Art and Vladek. Survival is another primary theme in Maus. Images areRead MoreThe Moral Logic Of Survivor Guilt In The Seventh Man By Nancy Sherman704 Words   |  3 Pagescost a buddy his. It’s flukish luck, but you feel responsible.† (Sherman 153). In â€Å"The Moral Logic of Survivor Guilt,† Nancy Sherman uses this quote to explain the basis of survivor guilt in war. In â€Å"The Seventh Man† by Haruki Murakami, the narrator failed to save his closest friend from a wave. As Sherman said in her quote, people often feel guilty when they survive a situation that others didn’t. The n arrator’s situation in â€Å"The Seventh Man† is a perfect example of this. Despite his failure to saveRead MoreTransferal of Guilt in Maus1428 Words   |  6 PagesSpiegelman tells his father’s story of survival through the horrors of the Holocaust. Spiegelman simultaneously presents an inner story of the conflict between him and his father, Vladek Spiegelman as both he and his father try to come to terms with the past, and work to have a normal life. This feelings of tension and conflict suffered by Vladek and Art in Maus I and II is caused by a transitional and rebounding feeling of survivor’s guilt caused by Vladek’s passing down of his own guilt, Art’sRead MoreSummary Of Maus By Art Spiegelman Essay1354 Words   |  6 Pagesprofoundly important part of his family story. Countless Holocaust survivors experience â€Å"survivor’s guilt† at some point of their lives, some live with it for the rest of their existence. The Ho locaust was such a tremendous part of somber history, that influenced lives of children whose parents survived it. Like many other children, Art was affected by his parents’ daunting past. There is a deep level of thought provoking accountability for not experiencing what his parents went through. Maus isRead MoreThe Comic Book Maus1662 Words   |  7 Pagesand painting of the immense pain and suffering Jews endured during the Holocaust. His use of symbolism of mice and cats helped to show how Jews were just pawns, and experimental factors to Germans. Art allows for the reader to see how terrifying and horrific it was for Jews to live through the senseless racism, and harsh living conditions. These camps were like a living hell, full of deceit, hate, guilt, and survival of the fittest. If one were to read Maus , and fully look at the words , and paintRead MoreMoral Realism, Moral Relativism, And Moral Skepticism1266 Words   |  6 Pagesregardless of the person. For exampl e, moral realism says that some actions, such as the murder of an innocent, are plain and simply morally unethical. To moral realist, events such as homicide morally wrong, independent of where an individual is born and his or her own personal beliefs. Though humans may not always know which moral facts are true, the moral realist would say a moral fact exists regardless of knowledge. Similar to moral realists, moral relativist also agree that there are moral facts; howeverRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthis? This is a question almost nobody can answer. What we do know are the effects of the Holocaust; specifically, on the child survivors of the Holocaust. The Holocaust created a struggle with interpersonal relationships, psychological difficulties, and caused child survivors and their families have a drive for resilience. Most people could say the Holocaust bring feelings of empathy for the casualty who went this tragic event, and feel anger toward th e extremist. Although many contributed to theRead MoreAdventures in the Unknown Interior of America - Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica details the events of Cabeza de Vaca’s eight-year trip from Spain to the New World. It becomes quite clear though his journey that Cabeza de Vaca changes into a completely different man than he was when he set out from Spain in the name of the king, and God. Cabeza de Vaca was originally part of the 600-man Narvà ¡ez Expedition, and in the end was one of four survivors. The trip was highly disastrous, on the literal first page he tells how local inhabitants â€Å"seduced more than 140 of ourRead MoreAnalysis Of Hersey s Hiroshima Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesIn a vivid and factual detail, he presented the effects and cause of the bomb to some of the 6 survivors of the attack: A German, Catholic missionary priest, one Japanese doctor working for the Red Cross hospital, another doctor with a private practice, an office clerk girl, a Protestant priest, and a tailor s widow. This paper will assess, appraise and furnish an analysis of Hersey tale as well as his arguments. Summary Plot and Characters Hersey start with an illustration of the whereabouts ofRead MoreLife Is A Game Of Chance1198 Words   |  5 Pagessurvived while others did not. When Spiegelman is looking for answers, and talks to his therapist it reinforces this idea â€Å"Yes, life always takes the side of life, and somehow the victims are blamed. But it wasn’t the best people who survived, nor did the best ones die. It was random!† (45) Pavel reminds us that those who survived were not necessarily the most deserving. That can only increase the guilt that the survivors felt, who may have felt they had no right to survive when more deserving people

Bank War Essay Example For Students

Bank War Essay Did the Bank War cause the Panic of 1837? Richard Hofstadter from The American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It believes President Andrew Jacksons refusal to recharter the Bank of the United States was politically popular but economically harmful to the long-term growth of the United States. Peter Tenim, from The Jacksonian Economy, believes international factors, such as changes in the monetary policies of the Bank of England, the supply of silver from Mexico, and the price of southern cotton, were far more important than Jacksons banking policies in determining fluctuations in the 1830s economy. The two intelligent men present their facts and arguments well and make it hard for the reader to mold their opinion for either side. After reading both arguments and thoroughly reviewing the facts stated, I took the side of Peter Tenim by saying that the war against the Bank of the United States was not the cause of the Panic of 1837. I have to agree with Mr. Tenim simply because there were more factors present in his opinion involving the Panic of 1837. The opinion of Mr. Hofstadter revolved around one factor, which was the war against the Bank of the United States. In order to somewhat disprove Mr. Hofstadters theory, I believe we have to analyze the relationship between President Andrew Jackson and Nicholas Biddle, who at the time was the President of the Bank. Mr. Jackson was very much a man of the middle class. He believed in the American dream of becoming an entrepreneur and the opportunity to create wealth for oneself. He disliked the cheap and sometimes-worthless paper money the banks printed. The only money he trusted was hard money, gold and silver. He was especially bitter against the Bank of the United States, which with its monopoly of the governments business was a symbol of all hated special privilege. He thought it was evil as well as unconstitutional, and he loathed it. More impo! rtantly though, he was a person who had experience using the so-called capital makers of the time and trying to start businesses. For example, the one time in his career President Jackson owned land, which he sold to various individual and received notes as payments. Unfortunately, these buyers were unable to pay back the notes and President Jackson lost his land. He then had to start from scratch. He also had become a debtor and due to financial hardships, he was unable to pay off his own debts. President Jackson was faced with a double-sided sword because people were unable to repay the debts owed to him, while at the same time he could not pay the debts he owed to others. Nicholas Biddle, on the other hand, was an entirely different man. Biddle knew how Jackson felt about the Bank but wanted the President to be on good terms with it. Henry Clay, though, saw the Bank issue as a way to defeat Jackson in the 1832 election. Clay induced Biddle to apply for a new charte! r for the Bank early in 1832. He believed that if Jackson dared to veto the recharter bill, he would lose the election. The plan did not go according for Mr. Clay and Mr. Biddle and Jackson was still the favorite among the people. President Jackson and Nicholas Biddle were never met good terms with each other and their relationship was one of argument and disagreement. In my opinion, Biddle wanted to keep the Bank of the United States intact for the sole purpose of benefiting the aristocrats and the politically involved. Biddle was not, though, the cause of the Panic of 1837. The depression of the early 1840s was neither as serious as historians assume nor the fault of Biddle. .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f , .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f .postImageUrl , .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f , .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f:hover , .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f:visited , .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f:active { border:0!important; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f:active , .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6eb0fec4d7ff79e249e4cc75c37f14f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 'Blood brothers' - Study the contrasts that Willy Russell EssayIt was primarily a deflation, as opposed to a decline in production, and it was produced by events over which Biddle had little control over. Mr. Jacksons view of banks was a very distressing one. He, along with the people of his party, believed the same ideology that the banks were in favor of the wealthy and those with political advantage. The only people who benefited from the banks were the wall-street types and people who had a rather great influence in the political arena. I believe that President Jackson wanted to de-centralize the bank and make it into a more state level. While Biddle was a major force behind the powerful Bank of the United States becoming more centralized. As far as I can see, the Bank War was basically summed up in the following question. Should the United States Bank act as king over the smaller banks? This was a very political debate and I believe it aided in the Panic of 1837, but was not the primary cause. During these times, there was a great boom period. Farmers and trade people were looking forward to making their own businesses and sharing in the wealth available. With industrialization taking place, economic growth in the United States was at an all time high. This boom was one of the largest producers of the Panic of 1837. It resulted from a combination of large capital imports from England a change in the Chinese desire for silver, which together produced a rapid increase in the quantity of silver in the United States. Banks did not expand their operations because they were treating the government deposits as reserves. They expanded because their specie reserves had risen. The Panic of 1837 was not caused by President Jacksons actions. The destruction of the Bank of the United States did not produce the crisis because it did not produce the boom. Many opinions on the subject of the Bank War have been used and quoted but none as often as those of Nicholas Biddle and Albert Gallatin. Biddle is quoted on saying: In my judgment, the main cause of it the crisis is the mismanagement of the revenue. Mismanagement in two respects: the mode of executing the distribution law, and the order requiring specie for the public lands. Gallatin took another road by announcing Overtrading has been the primary cause of the present crisis in America. The two did not agree with each other nor did they think of each others opinions. I believe that international factors were the main cause of the Panic of 1837. The Bank War coincided with two developments, one in England and one in China that together produced inflation. A large series of good harvests in England initiated a boom in the country around 1832. The British became eager to invest in the United States and to buy American cotton. In order for the British to export capital to the United States, the United States had to buy more in Britain than it sold, which would result in a trade deficit. And in order for the American demand for British goods to rise, prices in the United States had to rise to make imported goods cheaper than domestically produced ones. The demand for cotton in Britain caused prices in America to rise higher than they would have. At the same time, American exports were increasing as were American imports, therefore a trade deficit was harder to produce. Alongside this problem, changes were taking place in China. Opium purchases were increasing and no longer wanted silver to hoard. They wanted to trade silver for opium and any silver sent by the United States would then be sent to England in payment for Indian opium. This transshipment was avoided by substituting American credit for Mexican silver. The silver from Mexico went into bank reserves in America, allowing prices to rise and the demand for imports to increase. The final international problem I will discuss is the British demand for our cotton. .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b , .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b .postImageUrl , .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b , .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b:hover , .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b:visited , .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b:active { border:0!important; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b:active , .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54d5117cd3eb8cca6e36ac973643133b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Huckleberry Finn: A Good Role Model EssayThis demand helped to increase the inflation by reducing the American trade deficit, but it also put down the inflation by setting off a land boom. The price of cotton soared, land sales rose dramatically and part of the increase in money supply went into land purchases. The government continued to sell land at a constant price, and funds that otherwise would have been used to raise prices just stayed in the governments surplus. The boom caused inflation to run rampant and the American! economy was beginning to give way to a panic. Blaming the Panic of 1837 on President Jackson is an ignorant statement. How can anyone say that this lone factor caused a huge economic failure in the United States? This panic had to have been brought on by multiple factors of an international level. Our trade partners at the time all contributed to the downfall of our economy. President Jacksons decision could have been another factor leading into a panic, but in no way was it the only reason for the economic problems that plagued the American people for years.

What about the Ichthyosaur Essay Example For Students

What about the Ichthyosaur? Essay Could you imagine what life on earth would be like if the prehistoric reptiles hadstill existed? Or would we even be in the picture? There are many questions one couldcome up with when coming across the fossilized remains of an extinct species. Dinosaurs have always been the reptile of interest among many, but check this out: theIchthyosaur, half reptile-half fish, or so paleontologists have said. It would be ratherdifficult to think of such a living creature, since sea turtles are the closest thing one couldimagine to be half fish- half reptile. But the sea turtle is only a small fraction in body sizecompared to this enormous creature! So, what about the Ichthyosaur? For one thing, theichthyosaur is one of the most ancient creature we know about. It first appearedapproximately fifteen to twenty million years before the first dinosaur. This is a fact thata lot of people still do not know. The ichthyosaur was one of the most predominantmarine reptiles of its time, and became extinct about 110 million years ago. Furthermore,this fish lizard became extinct approximately 45 million years before the last dinosaurdisappeared. There are many theories on the mass extinction of the prehistoric reptiles,most of which is centered upon the disappearance of the dinosaur. What happened to theichthyosaur that caused it to become extinct before the last dinosaur disappeared? Thisis the question still floating in the minds of many paleontologists. What one can make dowith is the evidence of their existence, the fossils. With the recent and continued findingsof ichthyosaur fossils, the pieces of the puzzle are slowly put together. In this paper, wewill discuss how these findings had led paleontologists to believe that the ichthyosaur hadevolved from reptilian to marine life. More importantly, the key processes in biology andother fields of science are used in making, researching, and interpreting these finds. We will write a custom essay on What about the Ichthyosaur? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As with any new find, a scientist would initially try to classify the organism. Placing the ichthyosaur in the right spot on a family tree and determining when itbranched off was a very complicated task for many. This problem of course stemmedfrom the fact that the fossils had characteristics that hinted it was reptilian andcharacteristics that hinted it might also be a fish. In early book publications, there wassome debate about what exactly this ichthyosaur should be categorized as. One bookauthor had stated that ichthyosaurs had bodies that were highly modified for swimmingthat they must have been virtually helpless on land.(87)1 Another book author hadsimilar views. Ichthyosaurs were thought to come out on land from time to time, likeseals and crocodiles.It turned out that the animal had been entirely a creature of thesea(214).2 In 1982, Ryosuki Motani, a student from the University of California,Berkeley , and his colleagues had excavated a 240 million-year-old ichthyosaur fossilcalled Utatsusaurus hataii in Japan. His findings were reported by a fellow stu dent at theUniversity of California, Berkeley. In the article Motani had stated that ichthyosaurs arediapsidsneverthelesshe said they are closer to living reptiles than are turtles.3 Inthat same article, Sanders stresses that this find makes categorizing the ichthyosaurdifficult because they became so well adapted to their marine environment that theydeveloped many features similar to marine organisms such as fish and dolphins. Thisobscured their real origin.3 Last month, through further analysis, Motani had reportedhis examinations of this half-reptilian half-fishlike creature led him to believe it evolvednot from fish but from land dwelling animals, which themselves had descended from anancient fish.4 This find is controversial. Does this mean they once lived on land? Asan amateur scientist, one cant even comprehend if this creature evolved once, or twice!It is absolutely shocking how a simple classification, from worms to whales , can changethe whole perspective of how one animal or plant lived its life. If the ichthyosaur wasnever found in its more reptilian-formed fossil, scientists would probably conclude that itwas just some big funny looking fish that came before the dinosaurs. This shows howimportant phylogeny trees are in tracing evolution. Most importantly, these fossilsbecome a key to learning the past before us. .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 , .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 .postImageUrl , .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 , .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549:hover , .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549:visited , .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549:active { border:0!important; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549:active , .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549 .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ab9027977d8d4b04242f393bc81f549:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Managing the Transition from Maturity to Decline: EssayClassifying the ichthyosaur was only one piece added to the large puzzle. Another issue that arises from the discovery of ichthyosaur fossils is the time of theirextinction. The fact that this prehistoric marine reptile is extinct is

Definition of Adams-Onis Treaty

Definition of Adams-Onis Treaty The Adams-Onis Treaty was an agreement between the United States and Spain signed in 1819 which established the southern border of the Louisiana Purchase. As part of the agreement, the United States obtained the territory of present day Florida. The treaty was negotiated in Washington, D.C. by the American secretary of state, John Quincy Adams, and the Spanish ambassador to the United States, Luis de Onis. The treaty was viewed as a significant event at the time, and contemporary observers, including former president Thomas Jefferson, lauded the work of John Quincy Adams. Background of the Adams-Onis Treaty Following the acquisition of the Louisiana Purchase during the administration of Thomas Jefferson, the United States faced a problem, as it was not entirely clear where the border lay between the territory obtained from France and the territory of Spain to the south. Over the first decades of the 19th century, Americans venturing southward, including Army officer (and possible spy) Zebulon Pike, were apprehended by Spanish authorities and sent back to the United States. A clear border needed to be defined before minor incidents on the border escalated into anything more serious. And in the years following the Louisiana Purchase, the successors to Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe, sought to acquire the two Spanish provinces of East Florida and West Florida (the regions had been loyal to Britain during the American Revolution, but following the Treaty of Paris, they reverted to Spanish rule). Spain was barely holding on to the Floridas. And was therefore receptive to negotiating a treaty which would trade away that land in return for clarifying who owned land to the west, in what today is Texas and the southwestern United States. Complicated Territory The problem Spain faced in Florida was that it claimed the territory, and had a few outposts on it, but it wasnt settled. And the region wasnt being governed in any sense of the word. American settlers were encroaching on its borders, essentially squatting on Spanish land, and conflicts kept arising. Escaped slaves were also crossing into Spanish territory, and at time U.S. troops ventured into Spains land on the pretext of hunting fugitive slaves. Creating further complications, Indians living in Spanish territory would venture into American territory and raid settlements, at times killing the residents. The constant problems along the border seemed likely to erupt at some point into open conflict. Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans. In 1818 Andrew Jackson, the hero of the Battle of New Orleans three years earlier, led a military expedition into Florida. His actions were highly controversial in Washington, as government officials felt he had gone far beyond his orders, especially when he executed two British subjects he considered spies. Negotiation of the Treaty It seemed obvious to leaders of both Spain and the United States that the Americans would eventually come into possession of Florida. So the Spanish ambassador in Washington, Luis de Onis, had been granted full power by his government to make the best deal he could. He met with John Quincy Adams, secretary of state to President Monroe. The negotiations had been disrupted and nearly ended when the 1818 military expedition led by Andrew Jackson ventured into Florida. But the problems caused by Andrew Jackson may have been useful to the American cause. Jacksons ambition and his aggressive behavior no doubt reinforced the fear that of the Spaniards that Americans could be coming into the territory held by Spain sooner or later. The American troops under Jackson had been able to walk into Spainish territory at will. Spain was beset by other problems. And it did not want to station troops, which would have to be supplied, in remote parts of Florida to defend against any future American encroachments. There was no escaping that if American soldiers could march into Florida and just seize it, there was little Spain could do. So Onis thought he might as well dispense with the Florida problem entirely while dealing with the issue of borders along the western edge of the Louisiana territory. The negotiations were resumed and proved fruitful. And Adams and Onis signed their agreement on February 22, 1819. A compromise boundary was established between the U.S. and Spanish territory, and the United States gave up claims to Texas in exchange for Spain giving up any claim to territory in the Pacific Northwest. The treaty, after ratification by both governments, became effective on February 22, 1821.  The treaty was eventually followed by other treaties that essentially confirmed the boundaries set out in 1821. An immediate result of the treaty was that it reduced tensions with Spain, and made the likelihood of another war seem remote. So the military budget of the United States could be cut and the size of the U.S. Army reduced in the 1820s.

Free Essays on Alzheimer

The causes of Alzheimer's disease remain a mystery, but researchers have found that particular groups of people have risk factors that make them more likely to develop the disease than the general population. Many people do not realize how severe this disease really is. People also do not realize how much of a risk there is of developing the disease. Four million people in the United States today are afflicted with Alzheimer’s Disease. Another very interesting fact about Alzheimer’s Disease is that the changes in the brain take place 20 to 40 years before the patient shows any symptoms. About ten percent of Americans have this disease by the age of 65, and about 50 percent of Americans have the disease by the age of 85. People can live well into their 90s, and they still retain most of their memories and control of their bodies (Kahn, 1998). This is a disease that everyone all over the world should be concerned about.... Free Essays on Alzheimer Free Essays on Alzheimer The causes of Alzheimer's disease remain a mystery, but researchers have found that particular groups of people have risk factors that make them more likely to develop the disease than the general population. Many people do not realize how severe this disease really is. People also do not realize how much of a risk there is of developing the disease. Four million people in the United States today are afflicted with Alzheimer’s Disease. Another very interesting fact about Alzheimer’s Disease is that the changes in the brain take place 20 to 40 years before the patient shows any symptoms. About ten percent of Americans have this disease by the age of 65, and about 50 percent of Americans have the disease by the age of 85. People can live well into their 90s, and they still retain most of their memories and control of their bodies (Kahn, 1998). This is a disease that everyone all over the world should be concerned about....

Beer Consumers Decision-Making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Beer Consumers Decision-Making - Case Study Example To be sure, beer is the dominant alcoholic drink among liquors. But despite a growing population of legal-age drinkers, spirits sales grew by 3% in 2003 while beer sales slipped by nearly 1%, according to Impact Databank (2004). With this concern, this is doubly difficult for beer companies because getting in front of consumers when they're young can shape habits for a lifetime. And out-on-the-town young adults drink more than older consumers who've slowed down. Bigger bar banners and broadcast TV buys aren't enough to reverse this trend. The new drinkers' media consumption is more fragmented than that of their forebears, and they're tougher to reach. Also, marketers must be careful not to use media or imagery that could skew towards under 21 age group. For instance, Coors Brewing Co. drew criticism for a tie-in with PG-13 rated "Scary Movie 3." Coors had expected the film to be rated R, like its two predecessors Marketers are trying to be more creative with on-premise promotions and choosing which media to use for ads. A classic example is Sidney Frank Importing Co.'s "Jager Girls" who show up at bars and press shots of Jagermeister liquor on patrons (Arndofer, 2004). The key to building a brand is to understand what consumers need from it, then to encourage those specific thoughts among them. The methods of doing this are diverse. There are the specific target audience, preferences, and of course the price. Recently, consumers have also been concerned about calories they get in a beer.

What Determines the Level of Interest Rate in the UK And How the Essay

What Determines the Level of Interest Rate in the UK And How the Changes in Interest Rate Affect Economic Growth - Essay Example Most of the monetarist economists argue that monetary policy has a lot of power compared to fiscal policy in as far as inflation control is concerned. Monetary policy also includes changes in exchange rate value due to the fact that currency fluctuation affects macroeconomic activities. Interest rates in the United Kingdom are established by the monetary policy committee of the bank of England according to Cobham (2002). Therefore monetary policy makes a major contribution in determining the level of interest rates. For instance in some countries the monetary authority might possess the power to authorize particular interest rates on loans a well as other financial deals. The monetary policy committee meets regularly to set the relevant interest rates. Monetary policies are defined in two terms that is either expansionary or contractionary. On one hand the expansionary policy increases the economies total money supply in a more rapid rate than usual. Contractionary policy on the othe r hand, expands the supply of money in a slower rate compared to the usual rate or even contracts it. Implementation of Monetary Policy in the UK Monetary policy is usually implemented by either the country’s central bank or reserve bank. ... This is due to the reason that settlement of transactions should take place daily as the business closes and thus banks without sufficient reserves borrow from the Bank of England to meet these obligations. The Bank of England is the only guarantor of such funds and is able to set interest rates in which it provides the funds. In implementing monetary policy the bank passes cost of interest rates to clients in commercial banks inform of interest charges on mortgages as well as other types of loan. If the lending rate also known as dealing rate of the central bank changes, the bank makes an adjustment to their rates of lending. Through the relationship between lending rate and commercial rates, the bank of England is able to influence the interest rates in the market. This way the Bank of England upholds its implementation of the monetary policy. For instance incase inflation increases behold the target rate, the Bank is capable of hiking the lending rate charges on the commercial ban ks. This is usually in an attempt to slow the rate of spending hence bringing back inflation to the right level. According to Richter (2008), the monetary policy of the Bank of England is to provide stability in prices and lower inflation thus supporting the economic objectives of the government including employment. The bank of England has three major tools which they use in implementation of monetary polices. The tools can be used in expanding or contracting supply of funds of the country based on response of the policy to current economic situation. The three tools include: discount rates, open market operation rates and reserve requirements of changing banks. Reserve requirement is one of the tools used in

Discourse Community Essay Example for Free

Discourse Community Essay Have you ever been among people who are very much like you? That it does not matter what differences you have you all have a lot more in common. A member of 4-H constitutes a discourse community because of an agreed set of common public goals, level of membership, and something that provides information and feedback. An agreed set of public goals for our community is that as a whole group we do a lot of community service. For a couple of years my club would go to a nursing home and do different activities with the elderly. Whether it be making them sun catchers to hang in their windows or play board and card games with them. It was very surprising my first year to find out that a lot of the elderly in nursing homes never get visitors. This made me very sad. So my club took a vote and decided to keep going back month after month and building a bond with these amazing people. I loved sitting around talking with them and hearing about all the different stories each of them had to tell. Another community service my group did was that we went to different parks right as spring began and we would plant beautiful flowers for everyone to enjoy. Something we do that provides information or feedback would be putting on our fair. Not only at a county fair are there rides, carnival games, and carnival food; but also all the hard work each 4-Her has put in to the projects they have to complete to be a part of the group. There are so many different projects, from livestock to sewing to cooking to robotics to duct tape art to the shooting sports. Over the years, I have taken many projects from all areas in our project guide, but my favorite has been the self-determined projects. While having four years left in the program I really wanted to find a project that I truly loved and enjoyed doing. All my  friends had their favorite and I wanted mine, so me and mom were looking through the project guide and we found a self-determined project on American Sign Language. I was so happy because this was a great interest of mine, and something I was looking in to doing for my career. By taking this project for four years it had helped me make a final decision on what I wanted to go to college for. I was right, I have a great passion for American Sign Language and learning about the deaf community. The level of membership in 4-H does not have anything to do with your knowledge or experience. For most people like myself, we got started in 4-H at the age of five being a cloverbud. I got to go to the club meetings, participate in them, do activities with older members, and even take a project to the fair if I wanted to, but it just did not get judged. At the age of eight I became a first year 4-Her. I got to take any project(s) I wanted, and gave me a good feeling that I got to pick what I wanted to do. I took a market lamb, sewing for beginners, and cooking project. I had so much fun working with my grandma on my sewing project but learnt at the age of eight that it was not something I liked to do. I cooked with my mom and found I really enjoy to cook. Working on my market lamb with my older sister was probably the best of all my first year experiences. I never took another livestock project throughout my fifteen years in 4-H though. I could not handle sending an animal to its de ath after I had spent endless amounts of time with it. When I turned eleven I became a junior member and when I did my projects I was expected to do more with in them. As I got older in this world I took on more responsibility and helped out around the fair. I even was royalty my first year as a junior member. I had the honor of being the fairs princess in two-thousand and six. So there is where the new responsibility came from, but it was a lot of fun. I had to dress nice and look cute which was the one thing I absolutely hated, especially having to do it at fair. At the age of sixteen I became a senior member, which meant even more responsibilities and a better work ethic. When I get to judging for my projects they expected great work, completed books, that I had done all the activities in the books, and that I took a good amount of time on putting together my poster of information. As an older 4-H member I also had a lot of opportunities to do some really cool things. We as older members  put on a camp for the younger members for five days. We get to become their role models just as I once looked up to the older members when I was little. It is a really good feeling when a kid comes up to you and tells you that they think you do a good job and look up at you. My junior year of high school I thought that was going to be my last year in 4-H, because I had hopes to join the military next summer and complete training before coming to college. Once again I was royalty of our fair, this time as queen with my best childhood friend as my king. By the end of fair that year I was happy with my 4-H career and proud of everything I have done, but little did I know that I would get my real last year. I am very happy that I did get my true last year in 4-H with all the other kids I had grown up in the program. Even though there has been hard times throughout these years of being a 4-Her, I would not trade the past fifteen years of my life for anything else. 4-H is a discourse community because of all that we not only stand for but what all we do. From helping and being a part of the community around us to giving information and feedback to those that go through the program to seeing yourself grow over the years and becoming the person you want to be. So why not join a community that not only helps others but also yourself.

Journal article :: essays research papers

Journal article   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using an academic search engine (Staffordshire university website), a link was found to www.sro.org, which contained many psychology journals on the topic of sleep and dreaming. Many journal articles were found, though the selected journal was ‘Slow wave & REM sleep mentation’ (Cicogna, Natale, Occhionero, Bosinelli 2000), previously used as assessment for the Internet journal assignment. Identifying hypothesis (10)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The title is clear and straight to the point, highlighting the essential elements of the study. As the abstract shows, the aim of the journal is to compare the characteristics of rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS). This would be to accept the hypothesis that dreaming is a continuous act, with allowing the different distributions and levels of REM and SWS to occur at different times during the sleep process. It has been acknowledged that the sleep process is divided into certain stages of REM and non rapid eye movement (NREM), being a crucial difference and the main point for NREM, i.e., SWS not being a part of the dreaming process. There has been much previous research about whether REM sleep can be connected to dreaming, outlaying different theories both for and against. An example of a study is to test participants on recall of their dreams through extreme controlled situations. It was found that 60-70% of SWS stage (3rd & 4th stage of NREM) could be recalled. Though this has not systematically been researched since 1968, it was argued how SWS could be bracketed as a continuous dreaming act when the recall results were so high, compared with the minimalist recall of REM stages. It has been suggested, therefore, that there are multiple generators dealing with these different stages, with the theory that it must be a discontinuous act, due the change of generators. However to put a different spin on the issue, most researchers believe there are some realities between REM and NREM s the term ‘dream’ or ‘dreaming’ does not have a uniform definition. The aim of the experiment is to try and find evidence to establish any connection between REM and SWS and infer a continuous dreaming process. This will be done by studying the differential elements between mental experiences collected in REM and NREM, leading to the suggestion that they are all quantitative. If this is proved then the idea of multiple generators may be eliminated, and replace by a single generator, considering dreaming continuously as fantasies & daydreams during sleep and those during wakening hours)

Critical Thinking Part

Application and Critical Thinking Most crime labs In the U. S. Are funded & operated by the gobo and provide services free to police and prosecutors. Great Britain uses private labs that charge a fee for services and keeps any profits they make. What are some potential strengths and weaknesses of each system? One potential strength for the U. S. For being funded and operated by the gobo and providing free services for the police and prosecutors Is that they do not have to worry about funds.The police and/or prosecutors can approach the crime labs they deed and ask for which ever tests they need to be performed and get them done, how ever many times. A potential weakness of this system could be that the information could be skewed being that it is run by one particular agency, another weakness is that the gobo isn't making any money like the agencies in Great Britain. In Great Britain, they are getting paid to do a Job, they would want to do the Job well and In a timely manner.In the U. S. , they not getting paid, so why would they rush to get It done? They can tea their time solving things or getting the tests completed. On the aside, the police and prosecutors have access to, free of charge, all of the services the U. S. Crime labs provide: FBI, DEAD, TAFT, US Postal lab, to name a few. A strength for Great Britain using private labs is that it's not being interfered with by the government, It was paid to do a job, it will get the Job done.On the down side, this type of system expects to be paid, so if a small area can not pay for the types of help they are In need of, the crime lab will not be able to provide help with the crime investigation. 2. Police investigating an apparent suicide collect the following items at the scene: a tote purportedly written by the victim, a revolver bearing very faint finger prints and traces of skin and blood under the victim's fingernails. What units of the crime laboratory will examine each piece of evidence?The unit that wou ld examine the note would be the Document Examination Unit. This unit studies the authenticity of handwriting and typewriting on the documents in question. The revolver will be examined by the Firearms Unit as they are able to detect residue from firearms, discharged bullets, shotgun shells, cartridge cases, and other types of ammunitions. They examine all firearms and are able to approximate he distance the weapon was fired from the target. The revolver will also also be examined by the Latent Fingerprint Unit because it has a very faint fingerprint on it.The Biology unit will examine the traces of blood and skin found under the victim's fingernails. This unit is staffed with many biochemists and biologists that are trained to perform DNA profiling on body fluids, dried bloodstains as well as skin. Crime scene instead of a patrol officer or detective. One of the advantages of having an evidence collection unit process a crime scene over a patrol officer or a detective is that the e vidence collection unit have properly rained staff technicians on the ready 24 hours a day to arrive at a crime scene to collect evidence.Another advantage is that these technicians are trained recognize and to collect/gather important physical evidence at the crime scene where as a detective or a patrol office may not have such a keen eye for such things. A third advantage for having evidence collection units process a crime scene is that the technicians are trained to work with all the special lab equipment in order to help process the evidence. This helps them to become experts in their field as they are exposed to the equipment 24 hours a day, having all the supplies and tools for proper evidence collection and packaging which allows for future examination. . What legal issue was raised on appeal by the defense in Carl Spooling's Florida murder trial? What court ruling is most relevant to the decision to reject the appeal? Explain. The legal issue that was raised while on appeal was that could the defendant be convicted of murder based on a series of tests designed specifically for this one case because the tests had not yet â€Å"gained general acceptance† across the toxicology profession. The court believed that these tests, though they are new, are important to the case and are admissible and doesn't make the crime of murder any less of a crime.Rule 702 is most relevant, in this case, to the decision to reject the appeal because Rule 702 deals with the â€Å"admissibility of expert testimony. † The testimony from qualified experts (the witness); by skills, training, knowledge, experience, or education, is based on gathered data and/or sufficient facts. The testimony must be produced from methods and principles of reliability, and finally, the witness must use and apply the methods and principles reliably to facts of said case.

Outline and Evaluate Cross-Cultural Studies of Gender Role Essay

There have been various studies that have observed elements of gender roles in other countries, one such study was conducted by Williams and Best, the study explored gender stereotypes in 30 different nations involving 2800 university students as participants. They were given a 300 item adjective checklist and asked to decide whether an item was most associated with men or women. What they found out was that there was a broad consensus across countries with men being seen as more dominant and aggressive and women being seen as nurturing and defendant. This supports the common stereotype of both genders, that males are â€Å"dominant and aggressive† and that females are â€Å"nurturing and defendant†. The findings from this study do have strengths, due to the sample used. The studies sample firstly was large and also very diverse in terms of culture, religion and ethnicity (expected of universities) and because of this the population validity of the findings increases and makes the results more generalizable and representative of the wider population, this means the conclusion of gender roles being consistent throughout cultures is applicable to the general population. However there is a flaw within the study, you could say that although the sample was drawn from a large geographical pool, which should indicate representativeness, they were all students who share common attributes and viewpoints and so they may not being necessarily representative of the population of their country and all social groups within. Also the construction of the checklist did not include an equal category alongside the male and female category, so this means that the division between the male and female categories may be exaggerated, thus prompting the students to believe that there is a gap between men and women and thus making them draw upon their inner stereotypical views. Also there are methodological flaws, the checklist comes into account again as it is developed by Western psychologists, because of this the westernised perspective behaviours considered in one culture to be feminine may not be considered feminine in another, so therefore the findings may be of little use to those in other cultures. This study suggests that there are universal stereotypes about male-female characteristics therefore indicating that gender roles are influenced more y our biology and evolution rather than socially constructed. However its arguable that the findings lack validity and that empirical evidence of cross-cultural studies on gender roles is less useful than initially believed. Another study is one conducted by Margaret Mead, she studied social groups in Papua New Guinea. Initially, she argued that the â€Å"Arapesh† men and women were gentle, the â€Å"Mundugumor† men and women were violent and the â€Å"Tchambuli†exhibited gender role differences with women being more dominant and men dependable. She concluded that this date demonstrated cultural determinism and that gender differences are determined by social factors. However Mead later changed her view to one of culture relativism. When she re-analysed her data she realised that although both sexes of the Arapesh were non-aggressive and both sexes of the Mundugamor were aggressive, in all three societies the men were more aggressive than the women. This suggests that some behaviours are innate and universal, but the degree to which these behaviours are expressed is relative to the particular culture. The study was a natural experiment, so Mead was observing the groups in their usual enviroment, it could be argued that she was noting their true behaviour, however it could be argued that the natives were simply providing Mead with the information she wanted to hear and therefore the study may not be as valid as it seems. Also there are methodological issues with the research conducted by Mead, as she used ethnographic field research and the data would have been gathered through participant observation, interviews and questionnaires, all methods whereby the results are easily subject to observer bias. Mead would have had to speculate on what the data potentially meant and acknowledge that her own cultural biases will have affected the interpretation. Due to the fact results may not be objective and the fact that non-scientific methods were used to collect data (both key features of psychology as a science), the validity of the findings seems to decrease and due to this reduced validity we cannot accurately conclude that gender roles do vary depending on culture to the studies methodological flaws. However, there is further evidence to support the assumption that gender roles are not consistent worldwide, Antonia Young carried out a study on the unusual gender roles in Albania. She found a group called the Albania virgins who were born into families which lacked a male presence and thus adopted the male role, committed to being a virgin and dressed and acted as men. The society accepted them as male and they were admitted to all male clubs and social groups. This suggests that societies create gender roles based on the needs of their society/culture and therefore shows that genders do vary across cultures. In conclusion, cross cultural studies help us to establish whether nature or nurture has the greater influence over gender roles. Both Mead and Young’s studies imply that nurture and social influences have a greater influence on gender roles, however evidence from William and Best lies on the nature side of the debate by indicating that our biology is more dominant.

St. Johns University Graduate School Application Letter

St. Johns University Graduate School Application Letter Free Online Research Papers St. Johns University Graduate School Application Letter I am certain that a Masters Degree in finance from St. Johns University will propel me to the heights I am certain I can achieve. As the son of two successful professionals, early on I was placed on the path of success; for a time I was uncertain of where I wanted to go and how I wanted to get there. However after successfully graduating from St. Johns University with an extremely high GPA just shy of a 4.0 with a Bachelors degree in Computer Science and acquiring a job within St. Johns Universitys IT department I have found myself. I am confident in both place within the world and where I want to go in it and certain MBA will help me get there. Long ago I lacked not only direction but intellectual purpose, a skill I could use as a foundation, to graft my other knowledge onto and around. In middle school I discovered computers, and in them a subject I was naturally gifted in and driven to master. There I began to push the boundaries of my knowledge via exploration and was initially exposed to programming; a subject I ironically initially disdained but grew to love. Though I discovered computers in middle school, my interests grew and blossomed in High School. I attended the Maret School a prestigious private school in Washington, DC. It was there that I began working with networks, Mac computers, and my future passion, the World Wide Web. I was fortunate not only because my high school career coincided with the birth of the Internet but also that academic environment empowered its students and allowed a select few of us to produce the schools Web Site. After Maret I attended Vassar College. Vassar was to be the corne rstone of my adult scholastic career. It was at Vassar College I realized programming to be the next evolutionary step in my passion; however I also realized Vassar was not the best choice for me. Between Vassar and St. John’s I took a year off. After deciding to leave Vassar I was adrift and traveled to Croatia where I worked with a political NGOs. I served as a computer technician and web developer for several Croatian political parties and grassroots organizations. The distance allowed me gain perspective on where I was at that moment and where I needed to go, though I did not yet have all the answers I knew I was ready to begin asking the proper questions. When I returned to the States I began to realize I had been pushed through school my entire life by my parents and family to get a college education. Though confident they were correct I wanted to continue on the path to getting a degree under my own power and would discover my own reasons and passion for getting a college education. In accomplishing this, my professional career started earlier than most, and in fact before my undergraduate career concluded. I wanted a preview of the professional world to see where I would and would not be in the world I chose to never return to school. I had various jobs, some professional many not. However the highlight of the interlude was getting a job at the Council of Better Business Bureau as webmaster. Though by the age of 19 I had a successful job in my desired field I decided to return to school. Knowing that the success I attained was only a fraction of what I could if I returned to school and that the self-contentment I had would eventually run dry unable to progress without a college degree I decided to return to school as I always knew I would. When I returned to academia I applied the knowledge from Vassar using the discipline gained from my year long sabbatical. But where Vassar was the cornerstone, St. Johns University became the realization of my scholastic experience. Unfortunately amidst my scholarly pursuits the Internet bubble burst leaving me without employment. Desperate for work I begrudgingly went to the student employment office certain they would have no work suited for me. However I was shocked when I was told that an opening had just been posted asking for m my exact skill set. Shortly thereafter I had an interview with unforeseen consequences when I met with the then Director of Instructional Technology at the eStudio. To no ones surprise but my own I was an impressive figure professionally. I had been creating and experimenting with web technologies since the birth of the Internet, 8 years of hardware repair and supported by this was a rigorous background in computer science from Vassar reinforced b y St. John’s. She explained that the department was set up to expose faculty to new technologies and assit them in the deployment and creation of technological tools. I accepted the job and led development in groundbreaking web applications. As time progressed my job at the eStudio became an intrinsic part of my college experience to the point that when I eventually reached my goal of attaining a college degree in Computer Science, I was asked to stay on full time. And now after successfully completing my undergraduate I now look to other challenges and opportunities. I would like to attend the Tobin Graduate program for the same reason I retuned to college, because I know I can do more with it. It is my intent to attain success by expanding my skill set to include business. I believe a deep understanding of business concepts coupled with a like understanding of technology will propel me to the top in this digital age. The combination will allow me to pursue to pursue the CIO track within the corporate world. There I can serve as a nexus between the daily business operations and the technology needed to sustain and maximize these operations. I have also always exceded at the exp;aininh the mudteries of tech to non-tech audiences. Research Papers on St. John's University Graduate School Application LetterStandardized TestingTrailblazing by Eric AndersonHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyGenetic EngineeringEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Paper Proposal Research

Paper Proposal Research Paper Proposal Research Paper Proposal Research: Think before Writing Writing of a paper proposal is the first step you should take before getting down to your paper project. You may wonder whether it is really necessary to write this paper proposal. Yes, it is! But it should be noticed that many students do not understand why they have to write any additional papers except their assignment paper. So, lets explain you the issue. Actually, you support your prospective paper project by writing a paper proposal. You should convince your audience that the topic your have chosen is actual. Besides, you should prove that it is not studied completely; that is why your investigation is worth making. Thus, you see that the success of your paper project depends on a paper proposal considerably. That is why you should think over your paper proposal well and make a kind of paper proposal research. That means that you should think over what points you will highlight in your paper proposal and in what way you will put them. Paper Proposal Research Writing Steps Speaking about the paper proposal research one can point out the following steps you should take to write a convincing paper proposal: Topic. It is obvious that any paper proposal research should begin with studying of the topic you are going to write your paper project on. What kind of study should it be? You should answer the following questions:What are the matter points of the topic? Is the chosen topic actual? Who investigated it before? Of course, you should also provide the background information in your paper proposal. So, you should study informational materials on the topic properly. Literature. You should review informational sources that your paper will be based on. State works of researchers who investigated the issue. This part of your paper proposal research should prove that, firstly, your project has the solid basis and, secondly, you have already studied some information on the topic. Research question. What ex actly are you going to study? You should determine a point of the topic that is the most interesting for you and state it in your paper proposal. Methodology. In what way are you going to make your investigation? You should determine what methods you will apply in your study. Forecasts. How can you catch the interest of your audience? Of course, by making some predictions. So, what results of your study do you expect? Giving some forecasts at the end of your paper proposal will make it intriguing. Paper Proposal Research: Get Help! Thus, these are the main steps of the paper proposal research that will help you write a good paper proposal. If you have any difficulties with your paper project proposal writing, you may look for help in any paper project proposal sample placed in the Internet or contact us! We guarantee you professional help!

MSc Practical UNIX Security ''LDAP'' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MSc Practical UNIX Security ''LDAP'' - Essay Example The Light Weight Directory Access Protocol is a communication standard that provides a communication channel for the clients within a directory service. A comprehensive definition of LDAP is defined as â€Å"Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, a protocol which helps find people, computers and other resources on a network. Designed to work with existing address-book standards and improve compatibility between widely differing systems, the ldap standard was adopted by the ietf in 1997 and now forms the basis of many white-page directories on the web. It has also been incorporated directly into some software programs and operating systems, making it possible to find e-mail addresses without visiting a directory site† (Ldap. 2003). LDAP was established after X.500 protocol, which was also a directory service standard protocol. ... Active directory is â€Å"an implementation of LDAP directory services by Microsoft for use in Windows environments. Active Directory allows administrators to assign enterprise-wide policies, deploy programs to many computers, and apply critical updates to an entire organization. An Active Directory stores information and settings relating to an organization in a central, organized, accessible database. Active Directory networks can vary from a small installation with a few hundred objects, to a large installation with millions of objects† (Active Directory. 2007). Few checklists are applicable including the network connectivity testing and raising the Active directory domain functional level to Windows 2003. Moreover, for Linux / UNIX, ‘identity management module’ installation is required on the domain controller along with the configuration of NIS server. LDAP Account Management In order to manage account in the UNIX network environment, the Unix systems are con figured with Microsoft Active directory for centralized management of user accounts. Moreover, it also solidify network security by integrating role based access and Kereberized authentication. Consequently, the operational cost is minimized, for the management of UNIX accounts. Moreover, UNIX contains various features for authentication and authorization. The authentication is concerned with user authenticity and authorization is related to ensure that users have been granted to perform tasks. However, there are some issues associated with UNIX account management: Synchronization is not properly conducted Vulnerabilities related to NIS Operating on LDAP services without multiple platform support Standardized management for

Wellness,Fitness & longevity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wellness,Fitness & longevity - Assignment Example This, coupled with the fact that exercise helps one in maintaining proper body weight and thus avoid the diseases associated with obesity, makes it very easy to understand the importance of a physically active lifestyle. However, exercise is often confused with the term physical activity. One needs to understand that a difference in intensity is what distinguishes the two terms. While exercises are usually vigorous, physical exercises are rather moderate or less intense. An easy way to explain this would be to state the idea that moderate physical activities are the ones during which one can talk without losing their breath. For example, brisk walk and performing waltz are considered as moderate physical activities while in contrast, jogging and aerobics are typical kinds of vigorous exercise (Powers et al, 2003). The guidelines of the amount of physical activity needed by individuals differ with the age group. While children are advised a minimum of an hour long physical activities on a daily basis, young adults are expected to at least perform upto 150 minutes of moderate activities per week (Brown et al, 2010). The guidelines for older adults may go the same way as for the younger ones but their choice of the possible activities is limited due to the aging factor. The 150 minutes per week guideline, but with the activities spread throughout the week, is also advised for women during their pregnancy and postpartum period (Brown et al, 2010). These discussed guidelines were developed after an extensive analysis of scientific research was conducted by the concerned authorities. The purpose of developing them was to help people adopt a healthier lifestyle. Along with the guidelines, another set of comprehensive strategies and practices called the National Physical Activity Plan has also been developed (Brown, Heath & Martin, 2010). It has also helped set objectives related to health for a period of ten years; the most recent one was launched

Ethical Principles and Knowledge of Self Term Paper

Ethical Principles and Knowledge of Self - Term Paper Example The next part will be a discussion on values, qualities and behaviors in relation to management process, communication, team building, orientation of new staff and caring and ethics and empowerment of staff from a personal perspective. In the management process, values refer to the principles that the manager upholds and advocates. Qualities and behaviors refer to personal attributes that make a person an authentic leader in the organization. These values, behaviors and qualities in management process include being of integrity, promoting open communication, teamwork and managing organizational change of the overall group. Â  In communication, the values and principles needed include the ability to foster communication throughout the organization. In nursing management practice, individuals must demonstrate application of key values, behaviors and principles in caring and ethics and this entails being supportive, upholding the professional code of conduct and being of integrity. Â  The issue of orientation and values will be discussed. Orientation is based on the value to promote personal growth and to help the staff attain their desired levels in the professional. Other strategies of enhance the performance of nurses and empowering them is to delegate responsibilities, offer periodic retraining and carry out employee surveys. The other areas include be a person of integrity, promote individual growth and that of the overall group empowering the team and emotional and cultural intelligence.... In the management process, values refer to the principles that the manager upholds and advocates. Qualities and behaviors refer to personal attributes that make a person an authentic leader in the organization. These values, behaviors and qualities in management process include being of integrity, promoting open communication, teamwork and managing organizational change. In communication, the values and principles needed include the ability to foster communication throughout the organization. In nursing management practice, individuals must demonstrate application of key values, behaviors and principles in caring and ethics and this entails being supportive, upholding the professional code of conduct and being of integrity. The issue of orientation and values will be discussed. Orientation is based on the value to promote personal growth and to help the staff attain their desired levels in the professional. Other strategies of enhance the performance of nurses and empowering them is to delegate responsibilities, offer periodic retraining and carry out employee surveys. The paper will be concluded by a metaphor of what is the vision for best practice in nursing management. In this, ten salient areas that managers should uphold are presented and they include be a firm decision maker, fostering teamwork, ability to communicate well, ability to manage conflicts, stress and crisis. The other areas include be a person of integrity, promote individual growth and that of the overall group, empowering the team and emotional and cultural intelligence. Introduction Nurses operate in an environment having diverse workforce and patients from varying backgrounds. Effective management of the

Case Study Research Essay Example for Free

Case Study Research Essay Case One: Barsz v. Max Shapiro, Inc. Ind. Ct. App. 600 N.E.2d 151 (1992) Fact: Marjorie Barsz brought negligence action against Shapiro’s Delicatessen Cafeteria to recover for personal injuries sustained when she slipped and fell, breaking her right ankle and left knee cap. Her husband, Carl Barsz brought action against the restaurant for loss of consortium with his wife due to Mrs. Barsz’s injuries. The Circuit Court of Shelby County granted summary judgment for the restaurant, and the plaintiffs appealed. The Court of Appeals of Indiana, First District held that genuine issues of material facts existed and reversed the summary judgment. Issue: Was Shapiro’s Delicatessen Cafeteria negligent in identifying and remedying the condition of the floor in the restaurant, causing Marjorie Barsz’s accident? Rule: GOLBA v. KOHL’S DEPT. STORE, INC. Ind. Ct. App. 585 N.E.2d 14 (1992) Analysis: To avoid summary judgment, Marjorie Barsz had to show that there was a defective condition in the floor of the restaurant which caused her slip and fall, and that the restaurant unreasonably failed to discover and remedy the hazardous condition. Genuine material facts existed which precluded summary judgment for the restaurant. Summary judgment is generally inappropriate in negligence cases. Trial Procedure Rule 56(C) Conclusion: A restaurant cannot be held strictly liable for a fall that occurred before having a reasonable chance to remove a foreign substance from its floor; restaurant as not the absolute guarantor of customer safety. However, summary judgment cannot be granted when a genuine material fact exists. Case Two: Golba v. Kohl’s Dept. Store, Inc. Ind. Ct. App. 585 N.E.2d 14 (1992) Facts: Plaintiff Stella Golba brought negligence action against defendant Kohl’s Department Store stemming from a slip and fall accident. Ms. Golba stepped on a small object on a glossy floor, causing her to trip and fall. The floor had only been swept once on the morning of the accident. The Circuit Court of Starke County granted the store’s motion for summary judgment, and the plaintiff appealed. The Court of Appeals of Indiana, Third District held that material issues of fact existed and reversed the summary judgment. Issue: Was Kohl’s Department Store negligent in maintaining their floors in a safe condition for patrons? Rule: BURRELL v. MEADS Ind. 569 N.E.2d 637 (1991) Analysis: A land owner is subject to liability for physical harm caused to his invitees by a condition on the land if, but only if, he knows or exercising reasonable care would discover the condition, and should realize that it is an unreasonable risk of harm to invitees, and should expect that they will not realize the danger, or will not protect themselves against it, and fails to exercise reasonable care to protect them against the danger. Normally, determining whether the host has exercised reasonable care to make their premises safe for an invitee is a question of fact for a jury. Conclusion: Sweeping of a floor only once in the morning does not constitute exercise of reasonable care to prevent injury to customers from objects left in the floor. The issue of fact as to whether the store had notice of the object in the floor precluded a summary judgment.

Mining In Canada :: essays research papers fc

The Importance of Mining Industry The importance of mining is definitely significant to Canada. Mining, is an important industry, and Canadians are very advanced in their mining technology, but during the mining process, there is certain level of pollution produced. The Canadian government and the mining companies have very good plans and controls toward this problem, while ensuring the smooth running of the industries, and also helping to create strong economy and employment. The world of today could not exist without mineral products. Canada produces about 60 minerals and ranks first among producing countries1. As well, Canada is the largest exporter of minerals, with more than 20 per cent of production shipped to world markets2. In a typical year, the mining industry is responsible for almost 20 per cent of Canada's total export earnings3 (See Appendix A). As for the employment rate, over 70 per cent of the mines are owned by Canadians and approximately 108,000 Canadians are directly employed in the mining industry4. Mining is very important in Canadian life. Not only do the products power the family car and heat the family home, the manufacturing sector, the high tech industries and even the better known resource industries are all dependent, in some way, on the mining industry. The mining industry will continue to be an important support to the economy. Mining is taking full advantage of the quick expansion of computers and microelectronics. These technologies are found in nearly every aspect of mineral development activity - from exploration methods, through production, mineral processing and even marketing. Computers and related equipment now have a lot of different applications in geophysical logging, geochemistry, geological mapping and surface contouring5. At the mine planning stage, the job of designing a mine is now greatly simplified by automation. Through the use of advanced software, geological models can be produced from drill hole data. Computers are also being used to develop plans for mine expansion, develop mining schedules for yearly, quarterly and in some cases, weekly operations. At the operating stage, this new technology is everywhere6. Both in research and operational applications, automated mine monitoring systems now determine immediate information on the status of equipment in underground or remote locations. Canada produces its 60 mineral products from roughly 300 mines across the country7. Before these products can make the trip from mines to the marketplace, they must be searched for, staked, tested, analyzed, developed.

Military customs

Military courtesy Is simply the display of good manners and politeness In dealing with other people. Military courtesy conveys respect from both subordinate and senior to each other. Men of arms have used some form of the military salute as an exchange of greeting since the earliest times. It has been preserved and its use continued in all modern armies which Inherit their military traditions from the age of chivalry.The method of rendering the salute has varied through the ages, as It still varies In form between he armless of the world today. In the age of chivalry the knights were all mounted and wore steel armor which covered the body completely, including the head and face. When two friendly knights met, it was the custom for each to raise the visor and expose his face to view of the other. This was always done with the right hand, the left being used to hold the reins.It was significant gesture of friendship and confidence, since It exposed the features and also removed the rig ht hand – the sword hand – from the bluntly of the weapon. Also, In ancient times the freemen (soldiers) of Europe were allowed to carry arms; hen two freemen met, each would raise his right hand to show that he held no weapons and that the meeting was a friendly one. Slaves were not allowed to carry arms, and they passed freemen without the exchange of a greeting. In the Middle Ages, gentlemen often went about clothed in heavy capes under which swords were carried.Upon meeting a friend, the cloak was thrown back by raising the right arm, thus disclosing that the right hand was not on the sword hilt. The Cleveland counterpart of the salutes manifested In various ways such as raising the hand when greeting a reined, tipping the hat when meeting a lady, and using a sign of recognition between lodge members. This sign is always exchanged as a greeting between friends and is given willingly. The military salute is given in the same manner – that of pride in giving r ecognition to a comrade In the honorable profession of arms.The knightly gesture, of raising the hand to the visor came to be recognized as the proper greeting between soldiers, and was continued even after modern firearms had made steel body armor a thing of the past. The military salute is today, as it seems always to have been. Unique form of greeting between military professionals. RENDERING THE HAND SALUTE When on campus and in uniform, cadets will salute all cadet officers and cadre officers of all services. It Is appropriate to accompany the salute with a word of greeting, for example, â€Å"Good morning, sir. Below are examples of situations where you would salute: When walking outdoors in uniform and you approach a cadet officer or cadre officer. When outdoors in uniform and when the American Flag is being raised or lowered. When in uniform, a cadet reporting to an officer in his office, will make his presence t the door known, enter when permission Is given, come to atten tion, salute and 18 Example: â€Å"Sir, Cadet Jones reports. † He/she will remain at the position of attention until given â€Å"At ease. † Upon completion of his business, the cadet will come to attention, salute, do an about face and leave.When an officer (to include cadet officer in uniform) approaches a uniformed group outside, the first cadet to recognize the officer will call â€Å"Attention† and all cadets will salute and remain at attention until given â€Å"At ease†, â€Å"Rest†, â€Å"Carry on†, another command, or until the officer passes. If cadets are performing a work detail, only the person in charge will come to attention and salute. The detail will continue to work. When in formation and an officer (to include cadet officer in uniform) approaches, the person in charge calls the formation to attention and salute.Salutes are not rendered in the following areas or cases: Indoors, salutes are not exchanged except when reporting to a senior officer. When actively engaged in sports or in the middle of training. When operating a vehicle. USE OF â€Å"SIR† and â€Å"SERGEANT† All cadre and cadet officers are addressed as â€Å"SIR†VAMPS†. As a general rule, â€Å"Sir†Vamps† is used in speaking either officially or socially to any senior. The word is repeated with each complete statement. Mimes† and â€Å"No† should always be accompanied with â€Å"Sir†Vamps†. All NCO will be addressed as â€Å"Sergeant† with the exception of the First Sergeant and Sergeant Major.They will be addressed by their title. Another ancient military custom dictates that you should always walk or sit to the left of your seniors. For centuries men fought with swords, and because most men are right handed, the heaviest fighting occurred on the right. The shield was on the left arm, and the left side became defensive. Men and units who preferred to carry the battle t o the enemy, and who were proud of their fighting ability, considered the right of a battle line to a post of honor.Therefore, when an officer walks or sits on your right, he is symbolically filling the post of honor. ATTENTION When an officer enters a room occupied by enlisted personnel or cadets, the room is called to attention. It is not proper, however, for officers to follow this custom at the approach of a senior officer. The question then is how to get officers to attention thou the command. Generally, this is accomplished by the individual officers assuming the position of attention when appropriate or one officer announcing the presence of the senior and the other officers then assuming the position of attention.For example, if the classroom were filled only with cadet officers and the MS entered the room, one of the cadet 19 officers would announce, â€Å"Gentlemen, the Professor of Military Science. † likewise, instructed otherwise by the officer. PARADE REST Like â€Å"Attention†, Parade Rest is a form of respect given to NCO by those Junior in rank. When a Senior NCO enters an area of Junior enlisted soldiers or cadets, the room is called to â€Å"at ease†. All personnel should immediately go to the position of â€Å"stand at-ease† until told to â€Å"carry-on†.

Calvin’s Ideas About the Church Organisation Essay

There are many factors which are important to examine in determining the main reason for the success of the Genevan Reformation, for example Calvin’s ideas about the Church organisation and Calvin’s leadership and personal impact, the previous exposure of Geneva to Protestantism and Calvin’s ability to overcome his opponents. Calvin himself placed a strong emphasis on The Ecclesiastical Ordinances, differing from Luther who left organization to the Princes. As it was vital to him, in 1541 Calvin drafted an ecclesiastical constitution for Geneva which should be accepted in return for him taking on responsibility for the spiritual welfare of the city. With some modifications it was approved by the political authorities and set in place a Calvinist Church order. Calvin believed there must be a strict structure to preach the Word and it consisted of four orders of ministers: Pastors to teach, preach, administer the Word and publicly and privately ‘admonish’ people’s conduct, Doctors to teach true doctrines and act as teachers in schools, Deacons to care for the poor, needy and sick who were chosen by the Little Council and finally the Elders who were to ‘supervise every person’s conduct and to warn backsliders and those of a disorderly life’; 12 lay people from different parts of the city. Those who failed to comply with Calvin’s strict standards could be punished by the Calvinist court. The Consistories were independent of civil courts and secular authorities. It was hard to argue with this model as it was based on the scriptures and was widely copied. After 1555 his authority was unchallenged and the Little Council even adopted practices of the Grabeau. The Ordinances indoctrinated children in a sense; soon there was a generation who knew nothing but his teachings. However, this links to the previous exposure of Geneva to Protestantism, as Calvin offered an appealing solution in a time of religious crisis in the country. There were a small number of Genevan Reformers in the 1520s such as Farel and Viret. Both Lutheran and Zwinglian reformations were making great progress and the city of Berne had also carried out a reformation in 1528. Despite this, the Council could not make a decision and churches were ransacked, masses suspended and the cathedral clergy lef t. Three months later there was a feeling of apathy as to what would replace the broken Catholic Church. Calvin came to Geneva offereing a truly reformed faith that was well ordered and supported authority. This appealed to many and he offered an alternative to Lutheranism which he felt had not ‘gone far enough’. This links to the next point, as Calvin himself was key in asserting authority through fear and his own charisma in order to gain support, for example as he was cunningly able to use the current situation in Geneva to manipulate the Council into seeing his ideas as desirable and accepting many of his radical proposals. In many ways Calvin should have been a poor leader; he was an intense scholar and mostly in poor health but he inspired admiration rather than affection. Calvin himself is quoted to have said that the citizens of Berne ‘have always feared rather than loved me’. His single-minded, totally focused approach partly explains his success- also as a theologian and debater many suggested there was no equal. Finally, this links into the next factor that Calvin’s opposition was suppressed, so in most aspects there was no equal contestant, although it was a 14-year struggle. Calvin experienced both religious and political/social opposition. In 1542 Sebastian Castellio who was appointed as head of the Genevan college by Calvin claimed that a book in the Old Testament was in fact an erotic poem which should not be included in the scriptures; which Calvin felt this was an attack on. Castellio left Geneva and was expelled on his return by the Syndic due to Calvin’s convincing. The Michael Servitus affair is also a strong example of Calvin’s effective suppression of religious opposition. He was a Spanish theologian who adopted extreme views and became offended when others did not accept them, eg. he condemned infant baptism and the Doctrine of the Trinity. He was suspected of heresy so went undercover in Vienna where he wrote a book and sent a copy to Calvin. Calvin recognized his work and sent authorities to where he was, but he escaped. Although he later turned up to one of Calvin’s sermons and was then burned at the stake. Diarmaid MacCulloch claims that many people opposed Calvin because they disagreed with his simple laws against e.g. dancing and singing. Some opposition was on the basic principle of who was in charge, the civil government was run by aristocrats and the Church by highly educated French elite so battles were always over who would decide punishments for wrongdoers. The Libertines were constantly called before the Consistory for bad conduct eg. dancing, making obscene gestures and gambling etc. Perrin was part of the Syndic however when he began to complain and demand more power, therefore Syndics began to support Calvin against him. The Libertines were removed from all Genevan councils and fled or were tortured/executed. To conclude, I think that a number of factors were important in the success of the Genevan Reformation, and Calvin’s presence underpins all of them. Although Calvin has been accused of a ruthless approach I believe that his success in suppressing opposition was vital the Reformation as it disallowed powerful opposition from crushing Genevan efforts. I then think that the structure of the Church under Calvin was the next important as many found it hard to fault this approach and it became widely used. Calvin personally was important in the Reformation as it was key that he was able to appeal to or incite fear in people in order to achieve his aims, but this ties in with his ability to suppress opposition. Lastly then, although I found the situation in Geneva and its exposure to Protestant ideas again vital, there were many key factors and it would be wrong to suggest that none played any role in the spread and success of Protestantism in Geneva.